How be professional and have validity in publication?

Alright, so at present, you have: your subject, your catchphrase, your website that starts to look like hot stuff and intention well defined.

Now, it’s time to think about what you are going to share, precisely. And for that, you need to pursue Research: that will be the point to this chapter. 

The first step will involve making you feel and understand why Research is so important and how you can lead it the most properly as possible. 

The second step will focus on the sources: how to use only checked sources. 

And the third step will be the knowledge and skills concerning methodology of nomenclature and glossary.

3.1 The importance of Research 

Research is a fascinating field. When you do research, you are forced to wear a hat of humility and modesty. Because, in researching, you accept by necessity to pass after others. You accept that other persons have researched before you, have pursued their thoughts, their reflections before you, and in accepting that, you understand that the best way to make your own research is to go hand in hand with what already exists.

Thanks to that, you enable the Research to go on, to grow up, to be on the rise, in accepting to make your contribution in it.

But what could be a little bit complicated is where to start, and how to lead it. 

For that, you can start from the beginning: write some keywords on your search engine to have a first sight and overall view.

But you’ll see that soon, you are going to expose yourself to the quality or not for sources. You’re going to ask yourself “Is it objective? Is it checked ? How can I be sure of that?”.

Because you have to learn how to do research properly. 

Concerning the objectivity of statistics and many other things, this curious and awesome website could help you: https://www.wolframalpha.com. It is an AI technology that can answer questions and which is plentiful of knowledge, statistics, details and even, curiosities if you’re in the mood for that. You can enjoy discovering secret paths contained in every section.

And compared to your search engine, this website is completely neutral.

But of course, there are many other plans and possibilities. It’s what we are going to see in the next subsection.

3.2 Having checked sources 

Sources are very important to feed your different publications on your website. The real question is how to find, among them, those that are checked.

Except for AI technology, there are other websites that draw up a list of many checked articles. 

Among them, we can find Cairn info: https://www.cairn-int.info

You have to put importance on the use of keywords. We usually hear that removing definite or indefinite articles is better, and it’s true : put only the important words, and try to make them appear in a different order or with different synonyms, as your research goes by. 

Of course, if you master the English language, try to extend your results by putting your keywords in English rather than your own language. 

It exists anyway some tricks to check if sources are proved or not: 

• make research on the person who writes the article: he is known and/or specialized in the sector in question? 
• Then check date of the publication, and ensure yourself that none other and future information is came contradicting or enriching the statement of the article
• Collect other information on the same subject to make them matched or not
• Put attention to the spelling or grammatical mistakes.

This website is an interesting guide to get handle of fake news, etc: https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/

But there isn’t only the internet as a source of information: you can find much more checked things elsewhere. 

Today, you don’t have access to any library indeed, but that does not mean you couldn’t find some book reference. 

Actually, you can find some of them free of charge with Ebook format: either for the whole book or just some extract.

Or, you can just write several references of some of them that could potentially interest you, and provide them for you later, if you want to pursue feeding your website (we will come back to that point in the Chapter 5).

3.3 Methodology of nomenclature/glossary

It’s a quite boring subject we are going to study right now, but essentially anyway. The more your methodology will be good and right, the more professional your website will be. 

It’s not complicated but requires quite meticulousness. 

So, let’s start with bibliography, because every other thing will be reproduced by the bibliography model. 

Bibliography is the place where you make an inventory of every book, every article, every video you have quoted throughout your website. 

There exist several ways to quote properly ; I’m going to propose the way I’m used to using but please yourself to use another way if you feel more comfortable with that (with just the condition to do it well, after having informed yourself). 

Here is: 

=> For book:

LAST NAME first name, Title of the book, place, edition, coll., date.

Exemple : DELEUZE Gilles, L’Image-Temps, Paris, Les Editions de Minuit, coll. “Critique”, 1985.

=> For article:

LAST NAME first name, in quotation marks the title of the article, followed by “online” in square bracket, name of the site in italic, date of the article : url of the website.

Exemple: PIREYRE Raphaëlle, « Les invisibles » [online], Critikat, 2015 :

www.critikat.com/actualite-cine/critique/a-la-folie/

=> For a video: 

LAST NAME first name, Type and/or name of the website : Name of the video, place, date. 

Exemple : CHAUVIN Serge, Conférence au Forum des images : Le meilleur des mondes possibles ? “La Vie est belle” ou les ruines de l’utopie, Paris, 26 février 2016 : https://www.forumdesimages.fr/les-programmes/toutes-les-rencontres/cours-de-cinema-la-vie-est-belle-analyse-par-serge-chauvin

=> For a movie: 

LAST NAME first name, name of the movie (original name of the movie), date, length of time, color/N&B. 

Exemple : KEATON Buster, Sherlock Junior (Sherlock, Jr), 1924, 54 min, N&B. 

It’s important to respect every detail : every point, comma, quotation mark, etc. 

And I suggest for you to quote properly each time you take information from a book, article, video, or movie. Get used to doing it instantly or otherwise, you will have many references to find again at the end of your work.

But that’s not all. This is your bibliography.

Now, you have to be able to quote throughout your website, each time you get information from others. 

That is what we name: footnote. 

How to quote properly by footnote? 

It’s not totally different to the form of bibliography. But, there is a slight difference.

There is an explanation: 

⇒ the first time that you quote an article/book/video/film, you have to write everything, exactly like in the bibliography. But, you have to fill in the page number, where you picked up the information or sentence. 

So, if you quote Deleuze for the first time, the result will be : DELEUZE Gilles, L’Image-Temps, Paris, Les Editions de Minuit, coll. “Critique”, 1985., p. 42.

⇒ From the moment that you have already quoted the book, you will never put the whole sentence again like above. Each time you will quote it again, you will just put: LAST NAME first name, title of the book, op. Cit., p.

Always with Deleuze, the result will be if you quote a sentence from his book at page 42: DELEUZE Gilles, L’Image-Temps, op. Cit., p. 42. 

===> The “op. Cit.,” replace the rest of the initial sentence. 

⇒ And if you quote the same book straightly, you can just put: Ibid., p.

The result with Deleuze: Ibid., p. 42.

⇒ Concerning a website, the first time you quote it, you have to replace the “online” by “visited the…date”  in the sentence in square brackets.

Exemple: PIREYRE Raphaëlle, « Les invisibles » [visited 4 May, 2020], Critikat, 2015 :

www.critikat.com/actualite-cine/critique/a-la-folie/

⇒ After that, you can just put: SURNAME first name, title of the article, op. Cit.

Or Ibid. 

⇒ Concerning a movie, the first time you quote it, it’s exactly in the same way as in bibliography, in addition as a book, not the page number, but the exact time if you talk about a sequence in particular. 

Which gives : KEATON Buster, Sherlock Junior (Sherlock, Jr), 1924, 54 min, N&B., at 22 min.

⇒ But from the second time, you can just put: KEATON Buster, Sherlock Junior., at 22 min. Or only: Sherlock Junior., at 22 min. 

Alright, you get it!

So.. How to share information otherwise as only writing through Google Charts ?

At the end of this chapter, your website will be finished for today : you will have a first version of it.

And for that, you are going to pass by three steps, again.

The first will focus on gathering datas and putting on paper information according to what you learned in the previous chapter (how to do your research, which website, etc), including footnotes and the bibliography progressively.

In a second step, you are going to discover another platform: after Google Sites, it will be Google Charts. You are going to discover in depth what this platform can offer to you. 

And the third step will be how to integrate these discoveries to your website already overflowing with information, citation, video, picture : your website will consequently become ergonomic and user-friendly. 

4.1 Gather datas according to your subject.

You have pursued your Research until now from different sources and different supports: books, articles, videos, movies, etc. 

But have you gathered indicative quantification, total number, statistics?

If not, that’s the point of this subsection! Of course, take only checked sources, as usual. 

You can still use the neutral website, shared in the previous chapter. 

Just in case, here it is: https://www.wolframalpha.com.

So, collect some datas, statistics in link with your subject and information you’re claiming, in order to bring some proof and elements to your arguments, to corroborate them.

Gather them on a document separately: it can be a table or just statistics inside text. Just, gather them without forgetting to take them from checked sources, according to what we have put forward in the previous chapter (persons behind the source, spelling mistakes or not, etc).

4.2  Make your research live graphically 

Alright, you have gathered datas, statistics and information. 

Now, we are going to discover together Google Chart and all the possible ways to make your research living graphically: slice, line, column, bar, scatter…

So, first of all, you have to open a document on Google Sheets, to put inside your statistics and datas.

From Google Sheets, you’ll be able to create some charts with any form you want, according to your datas. You just have to organize them a little.

For that, you are going to create a table with your number and legend though lines and columns. 

After that, it’s very simple: you just have to grasp them, move your mouth at the “insert” option, and click on “Chart”.

At this moment, a collapsible page will unfold at your right and from it, you will be able to choose which chart you want to, and customize it exactly like what you want: a pie, bar, column, line, area, scatter, map…

So, I let you discover.

And after the discovery, make way for practical application and choose the way most appropriate to illustrate your datas gathered, your statistics, and your Research. 

4.3 Integrate it in your Google Sites

Finally, you have presently all your charts in your possession on Google Sheets. 

Now, you have to integrate them to Google Sites. 

For that, several ways: 

• You can click on “embed” from Google Sites options, and integrate the URL of your Sheets. But in that way, all your data in your Sheets will appear: not only a graph. 
• If you want to integrate here and there charts, only charts, you can download every chart in Excel, by clicking up right of each of them, the place with the three points. Click next on download with the format you want (pdf is the surer). And once your chart becomes an image, you’ll be able to integrate it in Google Sites, by using the same ways you used since the beginning once you wanted to insert a picture. Choosing a simple image, or a carousel image… 

And enjoy yourself!